4. Identify the contribution of infectious pathogens and gut microbiota in MS progression and remyelination.
There are indications that infectious pathogens (e.g., viruses, bacteria) may contribute to the development and course of MS. However, many of these indications are indirect, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. For example, experiencing Pfeiffer’s disease by the Epstein-Barr virus increases the risk of MS. In addition, several different infections are associated with the sudden worsening in the disease course.
Projects
Is the stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori associated with MS?
RESEARCHERS – Esteban Palacios Contreras, Wia Baron
PROJECT: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a bacterium that can colonize the mucosal lining of the human stomach and cause gastric ulcers. Previous studies have shown a correlation between Hp infection and neurodegenerative or demyelinating diseases, and possibly also Multiple sclerosis (MS). Hp forms small vesicles on its outer membrane. When these vesicles are released, they can travel to the brain, where they activate astrocytes and induce neuronal damage.
In this project, we aim to investigate these findings in more detail. Does the activation of astrocytes lead to myelin loss? Do these vesicles cause direct damage to myelin in addition to activating astrocytes? And do the vesicles prevent the repair of myelin loss? To answer these questions, we use brain tissue slices. Using our MSiPS Biobank, we can generate astrocytes from donors with and without MS. After exposure to Hp vesicles in culture, we will study the MS astrocytes in detail. We will also examine the effect of these treated MS astrocytes on the myelin-producing cells, the oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, cells from the MSiPS Biobank allow us to model the blood-brain barrier, providing insight into how Hp vesicles may enter the brain.
This study will provide a better understanding of the cellular and molecular processes involved in Hp infection and the subsequent MS pathology.